Physico-Chemical Analysis of Sugar Industry Effluents

Physico-Chemical Analysis of booty Industry EffluentsPhysico-Chemical Analysis of dent Industry Effluents of Gayathri Sugar Factory Nizamabad district, Telangana stateBondugula Vanitha, Dr. Nirmala Babu Rao,ABSTRACT gravel work is based on the physico chemical analysis of sewer urines released from gayathri Sugar Factory. Sugar mills place a major rolling polluting the water bodies by discharging a large tot up of superabundance water as outgoing. The dirty money mill outgoing are having exalted amount of Suspended solids, solve solids, general anatomy, draw, Chlorides, sulfates, Nitrates, Calcium and Magnesium. The Continuous use of the Effluents harmfully affects the crops when used for Irrigation. It was assemble that the staff of life industries consume large amount of water and released almost equal amount outgoing containing luxuriouslyly toxic material in solid and dismiss degree. Sugar Factory effluents was more worst like Average set of milder PH (6.2), high temperature (42-c), chloride (862mg/ illuminate), total hardness (571mg/lit), calcium (362 mg/Lit), Magnesium (211 mg/Lit), total solids (2452 mg /Lit), Total turn solids (1915 mg/Lit), Total Suspended Solids (542 mg/Lit), Nitrate (0.8 Mg/Lit), Phosphate (9.8mg/Lit), Sulphate (49.3 mg/Lit) and Oil Grees (87.8 mg/Lit). And finally this water is Unsafe for home(prenominal) and agriculture purposes. Therefore it should be recycled and utilized for Industrial purpose only. bring up words Gayathri Sugar Factory, Sugar Factory Effluents, Physico Chemical Analysis installationSugar mills play a major persona in polluting the water, land and air. Commonly the pollutants are through effluents and hazardous chemicals in the form of air (1). Sugar industry plays an important role in the economical development, but the effluents released will produce a high essential taint in both aquatic and terrestrial and air ecosystems (2). Metals and non-metallic elements can be useful for the agricultural seed germination and return, but in high denseness they show a truly adverse effect (3). Effluents in like manner affect characteristics like flora and fauna of receiving aquatic bodies, effluent laid-off in the environment poses a serious health hazard to the untaught and semi-urban populations that use stream and river water for agriculture and domestic purposes. Damage to rice paddy crops due to scar industry waste-waters entering agricultural land be possessed of been reported (4). It had been reported that the lower concentration of profit factory effluent increases the seedling growth (56). As sugar factory effluent not tough properly, it will have an unpleasant odor when it is released into environment (7). Farmers using effluents water for irrigation to reduce water demand have found that plant growth and crop yield were reduced and soil contaminated(8). This is besides causing deaths of repose animals of such(prenominal) polluted water have been reported increasingly (9).MATERIALS METHODSThe effluents from Gayathri sugar factory was collected during the beginning of peltingy season (2013 July -2014 June) in the supply bottles from the discharge channel and properly sealed. It was preserved by adding chemicals to analyze in the laboratory, for the assessment of various physico-chemical characteristics a standardized protocol of APHA (10) was used.RESULTS DISSCUSSIONColorAs per the constitute ask, the color of untreated effluent was dark brownish. The photosynthesis activity is found to be reduced due to dark coloration also impact other parameters like temperature DO and BOD and so forthTemperatureTemperature plays an important role in certain chemical and biological reactions taking place in water which affects organisms metabolic activity. It depends upon season, time sampling etc. The effluent which had been released from the industry has generally high temperature and it affects land. The temperature of untreated effluent was record 43C. The temperature of the discharge should not exceed 35C. The high tem i.e. 43C of the untreated effluent has adversely affected the process.pHIn the present study, pH determine of treated and untreated are 5.8 and 6.2 respectively. harmonise BIS standards pH of the effluents should be in the range of 6.5 to 8.0. These low pH values of both treated and untreated samples are due to usage of phosphoric acid and Sulfur dioxide during the process of cleaning of sugar cane juice. If such water is used for irrigation for a longer result the soil becomes sulfurous resulting in poor crops growth and yield.Dissolved oxygenThe analysis of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is one of the very important factors in water contaminant and waste water control. Aquatic ecosystem totally depends on DO only. It do the metabolic activities of microorganism were very well documented. According to the BIS standards, the DO of effluent should be within the range 4 to 6 mg/lit. In the pres ent study, DO of the untreated effluent sample was recorded 1.16 and 2.23g/lit respectively which is sufficiently low than the BIS Indian standard values.BODbiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is defined as amount of oxygen demand by microorganism while stabilizing biological decomposable organic matter in water under aerobic conditions. The BO is a very slow process in oxidization organic pollutants are oxidised by microorganisms into carbon dioxide, water using dissolved Oxygen. In the present study, the BOD of the untreated effluent was 86mg/lit. According to BIS Indian standard the BOD should not exceed the 50 mg/l.CODThe chemical Oxygen demand test describes the amount of oxygen required for chemical oxidation of organic matter with the help of strong chemical oxidant. The COD is a test which is used to measure the amount or quantity of pollution which has been released by domestic and industrial waste. COD is useful to determine the ask toxic condition and presence of biologica l matters. In the present study, the COD of the untreated effluents was 460 mg/l. In untreated effluent it is appreciably high compared to BIS standard (250 mg/L). This indicates a high amount of organic pollutants in the sample.TDSThe total dissolved solids concentration in the effluent represent the colloidal form and dissolved specters. The rate of collision aggregated process is also influenced by pH of this effluent. In the rainy season less concentration of total dissolved solids are obtained due to dilution of waste effluent with rain water. In the present study, the total solids in untreated effluent were 1958 mg/lit. The samples in TDS values are much higher compared to BIS Indian Standards (500 mg/L).TSSSuspended solids are the cause of suspended particle at bottom the water body influencing turbidity. According the present study, the suspended solids of untreated effluent were542mg/lChloridesThe presence of chloride in natural water is attributed to dissolution of sodiu m chloride deposit, discharge of effluents from chemical industries oil well operations. In the present study chlorides of untreated was 862 mg/l.SulphateSulphate can also be produced an oxidizing action as in the oxidation action. Sulphur itself has never been adjustment factor in aquatic system. In the present study, sulfate in untreated effluent was 493 mg/l according BIS Indian standard, the sulphate should not exceed 100 mg/l.Oil and greaseIn the present study, oil and grease present in un-treated effluent showed 87.8mg/l oil and grease values are higher than BIS standards.Table 1Seasonal variation in the Physico- Chemical parameters of the un-treated sugar factory effluents (during period of 2013 July -2014 June)Table 2The Physico-chemical parameters of untreated sugar mill effluent evidenceThe Gayathri sugar industry situated at Nizamabad district, Telangana State is one of the practiced factories. It has own distillery unit in its own premises for waste which is generated from the sugar factory. The sugar industry needs modification in effluent treatment.Thus the sugar industry effluent which is untreated exhibits high COD, BOD, and TDS content. And low content of DO which is toxic to plants and animals, so it is not permissible for irrigation. The sugar industry effluent is highly polluted and they do not assemble the BIS Indian standard values